• Based on the aforementioned findings variations

  2022-08-16

  

  Based on the aforementioned findings, variations of the imidazole heterocycle present in the endogenous ligand histamine (1) led to 2-(thiazol-2-yl)ethanamine (2-TEA, 2) and later to 2-(3-bromophenyl)histamine or 2-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)histamine (3) (Fig. 3). Interestingly, 2-TEA demonstrated

• br Introduction The role of histamine in allergic responses

  2022-08-16

  

  Introduction The role of histamine in allergic responses, anaphylaxis, and gastric DNA Damage DNA Repair Library secretion has been well described in both human and veterinary medicine. New roles for histamine and its receptors, however, have been elucidated over the last two decades (Smuda and

• In cancer cells HIF upregulates

  2022-08-16

  

  In cancer cells, HIF-1α upregulates HK-II expression by binding to the hypoxia-responsive element in the HK-II promoter region to adapt to hypoxic conditions [20]. In the present study, we observed that mangiferin transiently increased HIF-1α expression in endothelial cells, suggesting another possi

• As GSH cellular redox status is critical for various biologi

  2022-08-15

  

  As GSH cellular redox status is critical for various biological phenomena including apoptosis and inflammation [34], [35] we hypothesized that inflammation could modulate GSTP1-1 gene expression. Indeed, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are released at inflammation sites and can be eliminated from K022

• In addition analysis of the functional elements in the

  2022-08-15

  

  In addition, analysis of the functional elements in the GnRH promoter region also identified other transcription factor binding sites, such as those for GATA-1 and Oct-1. However, those sites were not further validated in this study. Nevertheless, it has been reported that transcription factors such

• Rapid action of E on GnRH neurons

  2022-08-15

  

  Rapid action of E2 on GnRH neurons has been known for some time. E2 hyperpolarizes guinea pig GnRH neurons, alters cAMP production in GT1-cells and stimulates or inhibits [Ca2+]i oscillations within 15 min (Lagrange et al., 1995; Navarro et al., 2003; Temple et al., 2004; Romanò et al., 2008). Impor

• Ubiquitination of GlyRs subunit on plasma membrane has

  2022-08-15

  

  Ubiquitination of GlyRs-α1 subunit on plasma membrane has been shown to initiate the receptor TAK-285 and subsequent degradation in lysosomes (Buttner et al., 2001). However, the specific E3 ligase responsible for GlyRs-α1 ubiquitination is largely unknown as yet. Also, the functional consequence o

• Post translational ubiquitination has been shown to

  2022-08-15

  

  Post-translational ubiquitination has been shown to regulate a wide range of cellular responses, such as the synaptic trafficking and turnover of neurotransmitter receptors (Rape, 2018). Ubiquitination is also engaged in the modification of protein-protein interaction and intracellular signaling tra

• Histamine functions as a key

  2022-08-15

  

  Histamine functions as a key neurotransmitter in multiple circuits to control various behaviors. In Drosophila photoreceptor, Fmoc-Leu-OH mg is produced de novo by histidine decarboxylase (Burg et al., 1993); meanwhile, maintaining normal histamine content also depends on the histamine recycling pat

• Transmembrane AMPA receptor regulatory proteins TARPs are a

  2022-08-15

  

  Transmembrane AMPA receptor regulatory proteins (TARPs) are a relatively newly discovered protein family. Prototypic TARP, stargazin, was found by a spontaneous mutation in ataxic stargazer mouse line as a homologous protein to γ1 calcium channel subunit (Letts et al., 1998). The role of stargazin i

• br Funding sources This work was supported in part

  2022-08-13

  

  Funding sources This work was supported, in part, by NIH GM115388 to BGM. Acknowledgements Introduction Glucokinase (GCK) plays a central role in the regulation of glucose metabolism. Its activity is restricted to KPT-9274 receptor with important roles in whole-body glucose homeostasis [1]

• br The Farnesoid X receptor FXR

  2022-08-13

  

  The Farnesoid X receptor (FXR): identification and ligands The Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) belongs to a family of proteins called Nuclear Receptors (NRs). NRs are a class of ligand-activated transcription factors, which transactivate networks of target genes, thereby mediating a wide range of phys

• More recently the JmjC domain

  2022-08-13

  

  More recently, the JmjC domain histone H3K36 di-demethylase KDM2B/FBXL10 has also been shown to play an important role in definitive hematopoiesis [17]. Kdm2b is highly expressed in the HE, and its deletion (Tie2) caused embryonic lethality due to a precipitous drop in the number of hemogenic endoth

• Compared to the other histamine

  2022-08-13

  

  Compared to the other dpni mg receptor subtypes, the H3 receptor exhibits rather complex pharmacology, being subject to extensive splicing, leading to two major (H3-445 and H3-365) and possibly more functional human receptor isoforms; for a comprehensive review please see Leurs et al. (2005) and Bon

• An important example of a frame is

  2022-08-12

  

  An important example of a frame is the lattice of open subsets of any topological space X. The correspondence is clearly functorial (by taking inverse images), and consequently one has a contravariant functor with the category of topological spaces and continuous maps as domain category. The fun

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