• The atherosclerosis development requires additional

  2021-09-06

  

  The atherosclerosis development requires additional pro-inflammatory response in the vascular tissue, promoting increased levels of adhesion molecules such as VCAM-1 (vascular cell adhesion molecule-1) and ICAM-1 (intercellular adhesion molecule-1). Cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-1β are able to upre

• br Acknowledgments br Free fatty acids

  2021-09-03

  

  Acknowledgments Free fatty acids (FFAs) are not only essential nutritional components, but they also function as signaling molecules. Recently, a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) de-orphanizing strategy successfully identified multiple receptors for FFAs, which function on the cell surface and

• br Materials and methods br Results br Discussion In this

  2021-09-03

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion In this study, we discover that Sufu stabilizes Gli1 protein levels by antagonizing Numb/Itch-mediated protein degradation. Together with previous work that demonstrates control of Gli2/3 protein levels by Sufu (Chen et al., 2009, Jia et al., 2009, W

• Adenine sulfate One major mode of bioelectric action is that

  2021-09-03

  

  (2) One major mode of bioelectric action is that of an amplifier of subcellular symmetry-breaking mechanisms into tissue-wide order. An example is the patterning of the embryonic left (L)-right (R) axis reviewed in References [57, 58]; the following scheme describes the data obtained largely from th

• br Conclusions We concluded that the inhibitory effects of p

  2021-09-03

  

  Conclusions We concluded that the inhibitory effects of propofol on fMMYALF-induced neutrophil activation are mediated by competition with FPR1, which inhibits receptor-mediated downstream signaling and inflammatory responses such as oxidative burst, elastase release, and chemotactic migration (F

• SEA0400 Although histamine can induce both

  2021-09-03

  

  Although histamine can induce both proliferation and differentiation in vitro (Molina-Hernandez and Velasco, 2008), the promotion of neurogenesis conferred by H3R antagonism here does not seem to be caused by either the proliferation or the reduction of apoptosis of NSCs (Figure S3). Furthermore, H3

• Cysteine Cys residues are frequently found to be highly

  2021-09-03

  

  Cysteine (Cys) residues are frequently found to be highly conserved within functional, regulatory, catalytic, or binding sites of proteins. Thiol or thiolate chemistry imparts active sites with unique properties like nucleophilicity, high affinity metal binding, and disulfide bond assisted multimeri

• The relationship between increased GPR expression in the

  2021-09-02

  

  The relationship between increased GPR120 expression in the EDL skeletal muscle and systemic glucose control is yet to be investigated. However, if the increased expression of GPR120 correlates with enhanced insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in skeletal muscle, particularly the EDL muscle, this migh

• The neuronal glycine receptor HSOR allopregnanolone pathway

  2021-09-02

  

  The neuronal glycine receptor/3α-HSOR/allopregnanolone pathway may also be extended to the central nervous effects of gelsemine and koumine in brain. 3α-HSOR is expressed in certain brain regions in rats and humans, such as the limbic system including hypothalamus, hippocampus and amygdala, in addit

• Several studies have shown that regulation of

  2021-09-02

  

  Several studies have shown that regulation of glutamate homeostasis is critical in relapse to many drugs of abuse [84,85]. Glutamate is transported by GLT-1, which accounted for about 90% of glutamate clearance from the synaptic cleft [14,15]. CEF is known to produce its effects through GLT-1 upregu

• The following are the supplementary data related to

  2021-09-02

  

  The following are the supplementary data related to this article. Conflict of interest Acknowledgements This work was supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Numbers 24770068 and 15K07152. Introduction Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRSs) help maintain the genetic code by recognizing their cognate

• LCL161 Interruption of glucagon signaling pathway targeting

  2021-09-02

  

  Interruption of glucagon signaling pathway targeting glucagon receptor (GCGR) by gene knockout, antisense oligonucleotides or specific antagonists induces α-cell hyperplasia and alleviates hyperglycemia and other metabolic symptoms in diabetic animals and patients [[7], [8], [9]]. Here we used a ful

• The effect of on the conformational of

  2021-09-02

  

  The effect of on the conformational of G-quadruplexes was investigated with circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy. In the absence of , the CD spectra of parallel G-quadruplex exhibited a characteristic positive peak at about 265 nm, and a negative peak at about 240 nm; antiparallel G-quadruplex showe

• In summary the SAR of

  2021-09-02

  

  In summary, the SAR of a series of phenylpropanoic acid-free fatty GNE-317 receptor agonists is described which resulted in the identification of potent FFA4 agonists. The superior pharmacokinetic properties of compound led to its selection as an in vivo tool compound which afforded robust efficacy

• r78 It has been reported that the pathway upstream of

  2021-09-02

  

  It has been reported that the pathway upstream of YAP phosphorylation is operative in a tissue or context-specific manner. LPA or S1P bound to their corresponding membrane GPCRs and act through Rho GTPases to activate YAP/TAZ [11]. Consistently, another report showed that activation of PAR1 (a GPCR)

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